Indicates how a design intuitively suggests its function.

Creates visual connections by arranging elements for order and clarity.

Assigns human-like traits to designs to evoke connection.

Tendency to perceive incomplete elements as complete by mentally filling in gaps.

Influences perception and behavior by evoking emotions and conveying meaning.

Elements moving together are perceived as being related.

Reduces cognitive load and improves usability.

Tendency to perceive objects as stable and unchanging despite variations in sensory input.

People prefer curved over sharp-edged designs due to perceptions of safety and comfort.

The proportion of face to body in an image influences perceptions of intellect and personality.

Elements are perceived as either the focus (figure) or the background (ground).

Information can be organized by category, time, location, alphabet, or hierarchy.

Elements aligned in a smooth path are perceived as belonging together.

Describes the Z-pattern eye movement to guide content placement in design.

A technique to draw attention to key elements by using visual emphasis sparingly and consistently.

The tendency to fill all empty spaces in a design, leaving no negative space.

The use of pictorial images to improve recognition, learning, and recall of actions, objects, or concepts.

Failure to notice an unexpected stimulus due to focus on another task or object.

Conflicting cognitive processes slow down and reduce task accuracy.

People perceive complex shapes in their simplest, most organized form.

Organizing information into related groups to manage complexity and improve clarity.

The clarity and ease with which text or visuals can be read and understood.

The relationship between controls and their effects should align intuitively with user expectations.

Angles and orientations are more easily distinguished when they differ significantly.

Exposure to a stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus.

Elements close to each other are perceived as related.

Red enhances attraction, attention, and urgency by evoking strong emotional and physiological responses.

Maximize relevant information (signal) while minimizing irrelevant elements (noise) in design.

The ability to identify potential risks or anomalies to prevent harm or disruption.

The technique of representing 3D objects on a 2D plane using parallel or perspective projections.

People perceive light as coming from above, shaping how they interpret shadows and depth.

Elements connected visually are perceived as related.

Important elements should be easily seen and accessible to ensure usability.

Optimal image clarity occurs when spatial frequency aligns with the observer's viewing distance.